Thus, they are suitable for load shaving, load levelling, time shifting, and seasonal energy storage. Compressed air energy storage stores electricity by compressing air in underground caverns or tanks and releasing it later through turbines. During compression, the air is cooled to improve the efficiency of the process and, in case of underground storage, to reach temperatures comparable to the. Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES) systems offer a promising approach to addressing the intermittency of renewable energy sources by utilising excess electrical power to compress air that is stored under high pressure.
Among those, Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES) is a promising large-scale energy storage option. Surplus electricity is used to compress ambient air to a high-pressure state during periods of low power demand. The compressed air is stored in underground salt caverns or artificial vessels.
Isothermal Compressed Air Energy Storage (I-CAES) To improve CAES round-trip efficiency and reduce costs, it has been proposed to use isothermal or near-isothermal processes for compressed air energy storage and expanded air energy release, respectively .
The adiabatic compressed air energy storage (A-CAES) system has been proposed to improve the efficiency of the CAES plants and has attracted considerable attention in recent years due to its advantages including no fossil fuel consumption, low cost, fast start-up, and a significant partial load capacity .
Conclusions With excellent storage duration, capacity, and power, compressed air energy storage systems enable the integration of renewable energy into future electrical grids. There has been a significant limit to the adoption rate of CAES due to its reliance on underground formations for storage.