Battery energy storage systems play a critical role in making Virtual Power Plants functional and reliable. A Virtual Power Plant (VPP), also known as a Distributed Power Plant, is a network of decentralized energy sources — like solar panels, home batteries, and smart devices — that work together to generate, store, and manage electricity. German utility RWE implemented the first known virtual power plant (VPP) in 2008, aggregating nine small hydroelectric plants for a total capacity of 8. Paired with advanced battery storage, VPPs enhance reliability, unlock new revenue streams, and support deeper renewable integration. Essentially collections of distributed battery storage units and other controllable devices, VPPs also can be built quickly and cost effectively—key attributes today given the recent uptick in electricity demand. With the increasing deployment of energy storage in various scenarios of the power system, new participants and control methods are provided for virtual power plants, enhancing the performance of virtual power plants in response speed, regulation accuracy, and capacity reliability, making them more.