The most common forms include thermal, chemical, electrochemical, and mechanical storage technologies (Rahman et al. Industrial Energy Storage Systems (ESS) are engineered solutions that capture electrical energy, store it, and release it on demand to serve commercial, industrial or grid-level needs. ESS enables peak shaving, demand charge management, renewable firming, backup power, frequency response and other. Flexible, integrated, and responsive industrial energy storage is essential to transitioning from fossil fuels to renewable energy.