EMS consequences of autonomous communication base stations

Recognizing this, Mobile Network Operators are actively prioritizing EE for both network maintenance and environmental stewardship in future cellular networks. The paper aims to provide an outline of energy-efficient solutions for base stations of wireless cellular networks.

An example of estimation of uncertainty in the process of evaluating human exposure to EMF using a broadband sounder is presented in . However, this research was made before the 5G deployment, and most of the specific characteristics of 5G New Radio schemes are not still considered. 5.2. Broadband field meter results

This agrees with measurements done in other countries whose authors conclude that the exposure to 5G signals is limited, , , but this does not assure the base station compliance as full load situation should be considered for such assessment. It also shows that the increase in the EMF field is due to the induced data traffic.

For the measurements repeated while inducing certain load to the base, the number of time slots occupied by user data increases, as it can be verified in Fig. 7, and their power levels also increase, as a consequence of the data beam pointing toward the SA antenna.

The effects of the environment and the position with respect to the antenna beam center, which can change depending on the slopes in the area, affect to the power level coming from the signaling beam.

Results show that forcing the base station with an extra load seems to be a solution for assessing human exposure with simple broadband field meters, as the RMS E-field levels match or overestimate the values obtained with other methods.