Ulaanbaatar grid-connected photovoltaic solar panels

In general, grid-connected PV systems are installed to enhance the performance of the electric network; PV arrays provide energy at the load side of the distribution system, reducing the feeder active power loading and hence improving the voltage profile.

Either way, the PV generation reduces the power taken from the utility power grid, and may provide a net flow of power into the utility power grid if the interconnection rules permit [26, 27].

Grid-connected PV systems feed their energy production into the grid. Off-grid PV systems refer to those separated from the grid. In the case, the produced energy is consumed locally such as water pumping, communication antennas, etc. Grid-connected PV system could be applied when large scale energy by PV plants produced .

Peng et al. performed LCA studies on the building integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) system in Hong Kong. The GHG emission was 53 g-CO 2,eq/kW h for multi-Si PV systems, compared to 61 g-CO 2,eq/kW h for mono-Si systems .

Total energy consumptions during lifetime Based on the above energy consumptions during individual processes, the total energy consumption during a system's lifetime using multi-Si solar modules can be obtained by the following formula: E p total = E p M + E p O + E p T + E p R = E p M 1.899 kW h / W p ≈ 1.9 kW h / W p

Photovoltaic (PV) power generation is commonly regarded as one of the most promising renewable energies due to its tremendous capacity and potential to reduce energy consumption and henceforth decrease pollution, .