Earnings: In exchange for maintaining this capacity, the BESS operator receives a fixed payment, often expressed in terms of dollars per kilowatt per month ($/kW-month). Contracted revenues for Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) refer to income secured through binding agreements. These contracts are between the BESS operator and other entities, such as utilities, grid operators, or commercial off-takers. These systems are not limited to a single function but can capitalise on various market opportunities, making them highly versatile investments. Automated Demand Response Modern BESS actively participates in grid-balancing programs: 3. 3 Peak Demand Charge Management 4. When deciding on an optimiser, beyond revenue forecasting, BESS project owners must consider which revenue models. Not only do BESS support grid stability and provide balancing in increasingly volatile and congested systems, but they also capitalize on the volatility participating in short-term energy markets, leveraging their capabilities to participate in energy arbitrage. Although this paper does not delve. Prior to the IRA, BESS projects only qualified for the lucrative Investment Tax Credit (ITC) program if the system met several criteria; most notably, the system was required to be built in conjunction with a solar facility (“co-located”) and was required to be charged by 100% renewable energy.